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In the field of industrial ultrasonic testing, ultrasonic thickness measurement (UTM) is a method of performing non-destructive measurement (gauging) of the local thickness of a solid element (typically made of metal, if using ultrasound testing for industrial purposes) basing on the time taken by the ultrasound wave to return to the surface. This type of measurement is typically performed with an ultrasonic thickness gauge. Ultrasonic waves have been observed to travel through metals at a constant speed characteristic to a given alloy with minor variations due to other factors like temperature. Thus, given this information, called celerity, one can calculate the length of the path traversed by the wave using this simple formula: where is the thickness of the sample is the celerity of sound in the given sample is the traverse time The formula features division by two because usually the instrumentation emits and records the ultrasound wave on the same side of the sample using the fact that it is reflected on the boundary of the element. Thus, the time corresponds to traversing the sample twice. The wave is usually emitted by a piezoelectric cell or EMAT Sensor that is built into the measurement sensor head and the same sensor is used to record the reflected wave. The sound wave has a spherical pattern of propagation and will undergo different phenomena like multipath reflection or diffraction. The measurement does not need to be affected by these since the first recorded return will normally be the head of the emitted wave traveling at the shortest distance which is equivalent to the thickness of the sample. All other returns can be discarded or might be processed using more complicated strategies. ==Advantages== * Non-destructive technique * Does not require access to both sides of the sample * Can be engineered to cope with coatings, linings, etc. * Good accuracy (0.1 mm and less) can be achieved using standard timing techniques * Can be easily deployed, does not require laboratory conditions * Relatively cheap equipment * EMAT does not require the use of couplant. * EMAT can conduct thickness measurements through corrosion and other surface coatings on metals * No need to remove the coating of the metal. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ultrasonic thickness measurement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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